October 19: Torun Peace Treaty, Ukrainian National Rada and Black Monday

On October 19, 1466, the Second Kingdom of Torun peace treaty was signed between the Kingdom of Poland and the Teutonic Order, which ended the Thirteen Years' War of 1454-1466.

1653 - a large embassy headed by boyar V. Buturlin went to Moscow from the Hetmanate to conduct the negotiation process between the two states.

1860 - the first company for the production of internal combustion engines was founded in Florence.

1901 - brazilian Alberto Santos-Dumont rounded off the Eiffel Tower on a 33-meter airship, demonstrating a controlled flight on an apparatus lighter than air, and winning the first prize of 100,000 francs.

1918 - the Ukrainian National Rada, the political representative body of the Ukrainian people in the Austro-Hungarian Empire, was created at the congress in Lviv. Its deputy was elected deputy of the Austrian Parliament Yevgeny Petrushevich.

1919 - a letter from the front "Clear!" Was printed in the newspaper "Pravda" signed by the head of the political department of the Turkestan Front D. Furmanov. The whole country first learned the name of the future author "Chapaeva".

1943 - american microbiologist Albert Schatz, who worked under the authority of Zelman Waxman, identified the antibiotic streptomycin, the first drug that had a positive effect in the treatment of tuberculosis.

1958 - the first international trade fair after World War II, officially called the "Brussels Universal International Exhibition", was held in Brussels and was held under the slogan "A look at the world - a new humanism."

1987 - "Black Monday" of the world economy - a fall on the stock exchanges of the world, which began in Hong Kong and reached the United States. The American stock exchanges recorded a record Dow Jones drop of 22.6% in its history.

2000 - an unknown patron of arts gave France a valuable collection of 109 works of art, including paintings, drawings, pastels and sculptures of the 18th, 19th, and 20th centuries. For France, this is one of the largest donations of the century.

2002 - in Turkmenistan celebrated the anniversary of the adoption of the holy book of the Turkmen people "Ruhnama" ("The Tale of the Spirit"), which was written by President Saparmurat Niyazov.

2011 - Alexander Yi and Shigeru Kondo calculated the value of the number "Pi" with an accuracy of 10 trillion digits after the decimal point.