July 23: patent for a typewriter, trial of Henri Petain and Soyuz-37

July 23, 1829 American William Austin Bert received a patent for a typewriter, the first copy of which was produced only a year later and proved to be unworkable.

1888 - a monument to Bogdan Khmelnytskyi sculptor Mikhail Mikeshin and architect Vladimir Nikolaev was unveiled in Kiev on Sofiyskaya Square as part of the celebration of the 900th anniversary of the Baptism of Rus.

1903 - A month after its formation, Ford Motor Company sold its first car - Ford Model A was purchased by a doctor Andrew Pfenning from Chicago.

1908 - during the Young Turk revolution, which was aimed at overthrowing the despotic regime of Sultan Abdul-Hamid II, army detachments led by members of the underground organization "Unity and Progress" occupied Thessaloniki and proclaimed the restoration of the Constitution of 1876.

1945 - French Marshal Henri Petain, head of the collaborationist government of Vichy, was brought to trial on charges of treason. Subsequently, he was sentenced to death, but given the advanced age and merit before the homeland in the period before 1940, the death penalty was replaced by life imprisonment.

1951 - The headquarters of NATO is opened in Rockenkort (France).

1965 - Leonid Gaidai's comedy "Operation Y" and other adventures of Shurik appeared on the screens of the USSR. " The film was a great success and became the leader of the rental of films in the USSR.

1972 - Belgian cyclist Eddie Merckx won the Tour de France for the fourth time in a row.

1980 - the launch of the Soyuz-37 spacecraft, the first cosmonaut from Asia, the Vietnamese Pham Tuân, went to space.

1995 - Two American amateur astronomers reported the discovery of a new comet, which today bears their name - comet Hale-Bopp. Calculations showed that the comet moves with a period of 3000 years, and the plane of its orbit is practically perpendicular to the Earth's orbit.

1999 - the first time a crew was launched into space, the commander of which was a woman, - American astronaut Eileen Collins led the flight of the space shuttle Columbia.

2015 - with the help of the Kepler telescope, the first terrestrial exoplanet was found, which is located in the zone of habitation of the sun-like star - Kepler-452 b.